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Objective To explore the relationship between accessory renal artery(ARA)and essential hypertension,and the possible mechanism using CT angiography(CTA).Methods The patients who underwent CTA examination on renal artery were reviewed retrospectively in our hospital.A variety of CTA reconstruction techniques were used to observe the type and number of ARA,as well as the diameter of ARA and the main renal artery.Results A total of 126 ARA(66 left ARA and 60 right ARA)were found in 253 patients. 10% of the patients had more than two ARAs.In 164 patients with essential hypertension,ARA detection rate was 40.2%(66/164).In the non-hypertension patients,the proportion of ARA was 31.5%(28/89).There was higher proportion of young(P=0.002)and male (P=0.022)patients in ARA hypertension group compared with ARA non-hypertension group.There were no significant differences on the prevalence of type(P=0.826)and number of ARA(P=0.501)between these two groups.In all of the patients with single ARA,no significant differences were detected on the ratios of diameter of ARA and main renal artery between the two groups(P=0.32). However,in ARA hypertension group,the diameter of main renal artery on the ARA side was significantly smaller than that on the opposite side(P=0.01).In non-hypertension ARA group,no statistical difference was found between the diameter of bilateral main renal arteries(P=0.06).Conclusion ARA is more prevalent in essential hypertensive patients,especially in young male.The decrease of the diameter of main renal artery in the ARA side may be a possible mechanism for essential hypertension.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching model in medical imaging education in China. Methods Such databases as PubMed, Medline, CNKI, WanFang, VIP Data were electronically searched for literature on PBL versus lecture-based learning (LBL) applied in medical imaging education in China up to April, 2015. According to the strict quality evaluation of the in-cluded studies, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results Fourteen studies were included totally. Studies included 1 233 students, of whom the PBL group had 608 cases, while LBL group had 625 cases. Compared with LBL, PBL was superior in medical imaging theoretical scores [WMD=5.22, 95%CI(3.06, 7.37), P=0.000], and the case analysis scores [WMD=6.45, 95%CI(4.77, 8.12), P=0.000]. PBL was also superior in the autonomous learning ability [RR=1.78, 95%CI (1.47, 2.16), P=0.000], the unity cooperation ability [RR=1.42,95%CI (1.25, 1.61), P=0.000] and analysis ability [RR=1.73,95%CI (1.42, 2.11), P=0.000]. There were significant differences between PBL group and LBL group. Conclusion PBL can improve teaching results in medical imaging education.
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Objective To explore the CT and MR imaging features and differential diagnosis of the prostate sarcoma.Methods CT and MRI findings of prostate sarcoma in 4 patients confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed with literature review.Results All cases underwent plain CT scan and one case underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan,MR imaging was performed in 2 cases.The prostates were increased obviously in volume,the average anterior-posterior diameter was 60.5 mm in all cases,lobulated heterogeneous low-density with lowest-density in the center and the tumors were undefinitive with surrouding structures in 3 cases,1 case showed oval homogeneous low-density with sharp margin on plain CT scan.On contrast-enhanced CT,the lesions appeared as heterogeneous enhancement in periphery of prostates and no enhanced at the centre.MRI showed heterogeneous hypo-signal intensity on T1WI and miscellaneous slight high-signal intensity at center and hyper-signal intensity at periphery on T2WI.Conclusion CT and MRI are the effective methods in diagnosing the prostatic sarcoma.
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Objective To discuss CT and MRI manifestations and the differential diagnosis of hepatic tuberculosis.Methods The imaging manifestations of hepatic tuberculosis proved by pathology in 2 cases were analyzed retrospectively with literatures review.The plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans were performed in 2 cases and 1 case underwent plain MRI.Results On plain CT scan,the lesion was non-homogeneous low density with even more low density in the center in 1 case,and nearly isodensity in another case.On contrast-enhanced CT scan,the lesions were no enhancement in arterial phases,and slight enhancement in venous phase and balance phase.In 1 case,slight enhancement was also shown surrounding the necrotic area.On MR plain scan,the lesion demonstrated low signal intensity on T_1WI,iso-and high mixed signal intensity on T_2WI.Conclusion Hepatic tuberculosis is rare seen,so it is easy to misdiagnosis.CT and MRI scanning can demonstrate some features of hepatic tuberculosis,especially dynamic enhanced scanning is very helpful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis.